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Abstract
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the basic systems of environmental protection field.代写ESSAY It through evaluating the surrounding environmental condition of construction projects which is going to build, to prevent the new environmental pollution. EIA is a powerful tool to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. In developing country such as China, which has serious pollution problems, the EIA has the important role to decide that economic development is successful or failed. The dissertation compared EIA system with UK, using approaches of interview and case study, to summarize the problems of China’s environmental impact assessment system and put forward relevant recommendations. The total word count is 15100.
Preface
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a systematic and integrative process, first developed in the United States as a result of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). It was initially ignored，caused great disturbance and antagonism, began to change people’s lives for the better, then became respectable, and eventually, was widely accepted around the world (Wood, 1996). A European Community Directive in 1985 accelerated its implement in EU Member States. It was introduced in the UK since 1988, in the form of several laws that implement European Community Directive 85/337/EEC (CEC 1985) and subsequent amendments. (Glasson, 1999)
EIA assesses the impacts of planned activity on the environment beforehand, then avoidance measures to be taken to prevent pollutions that prevention is better than cure. (Glasson, 1999). EIA analyse, forecast and assess the potential impact of environment before the implementation of planning and construction projects to prevent or mitigate the environmental impact by measures. EIA also track and monitor the project progress to modify plans at any time for minimizing the impact.
The development and implementation of Directive 85/337 greatly influenced the EIA systems of the UK and other EU Member States. The Europe Commission (EC)
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began to research on EIA in 1975. Five years later and after more than twenty drafts, the European Commission presented a draft directive to the Council of Ministers (CEC, 1980); and was circulated throughout the Member States. The 1980 draft attempted to reconcile several conflicting needs. It sought to benefit from the US experience to develop appropriate policies to European. The United Kingdom has possessed a land use planning system since 1947 Town and Country Planning Act, allows the consideration of the environmental implication of new development. It is possible for local planning authorities (LPAs) can thus make a powerful contribution to environmental protection by determining the nature and location of new development and redevelopment (Miller and Wood, 1983; Wood, 1989b). They are now being encouraged to use their long-standing powers actively to assist in environmental protection (Her Majesty’s Government, 1990) and in achieving the aims of sustainable development (Her Majesty’s Governm
