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Subject matter of painting refers to the content of life materials selected, refined and processed by artists in accordance with certain aesthetic creation intention. Subject matter may be large or small. Generally, we classify the political subject matter, historical subject matter, war subject matter, religious subject matter, myth subject matter or the subject matter that carries forward the main melody into the big subject matter, which is usually larger in size, macroscopic in scope, thoughtful and complex in content. And small theme painting Angle generally refers to those relatively small single, ordinary ordinary, looks not so tall on the type of painting, such as the western portrait paintings of still life subjects, subjects, Chinese painting, implements the subject kei chan in the painting, painting, etc., this kind of small paintings performance more spare and refined taste, the space is not large, often presented in the form of sketches, seemingly irrelevant, however connotation is rich.
绘画题材是指艺术家根据一定的审美创作意图，选择、提炼、加工的生活材料的内容。主题可以是大的或小的。一般来说，我们把政治主题、历史主题、战争主题、宗教主题、神话主题或把主旋律推进到大主题的主题进行了分类，这些主题通常规模较大，范围宏观，思想深刻。内容复杂。而小主题绘画的角度一般是指那些比较小的单一、普通普通、看起来不那么高的绘画类型，如西方肖像画中的静物题材、题材、中国画，实现了主题在绘画、绘画等方面的成就。这种小品画表现出更为淡雅的品味，空间不大，往往以素描的形式呈现，看似无关紧要，但内涵丰富。
Artistic conception is an important category of painting aesthetics, which refers to an artistic atmosphere created by the painter's own unique artistic creation and conception of the experience and feeling of natural objects. It is characterized by the intersection and integration between the subject and the object, as well as the spiritual structure of the artist and nature.
意境是绘画美学的一个重要范畴，是指画家自己独特的艺术创作所营造的一种艺术氛围，是对自然物的体验和感受的一种意境。它的特点是主体与客体的交融与融合，以及艺术家与自然的精神结构。
The artistic conception of small subject painting is generally presented in the category of beauty. The painter often selects scenes or things seen in daily life around him for seemingly casual but elaborate design, which brings pleasant and harmonious beauty to the audience. The concept of "small subject matter" can not only summarize western painting, but also Chinese painting. This concept focuses on two levels, one is the "subject" of painting, and the other is the "small" of thought and volume. Relatively grand theme, small theme of the selection of objects is often still life, utensils, flowers, small scenery or small landscape and other daily things or scenery. In the northern song dynasty, the flower-and-bird paintings were noble and delicate in artistic conception due to the influence of accepting knowledge and understanding. So we see the sketch of the song dynasty painting of flowers and birds, the so-called folding branches, thousands of seedlings were only a flower, all genuine small subject sketch painting, dancing in the wind, either a haitang, or a jing ya but night lily, or one or two dancing butterflies, but person and lovely birds are revealed from the ordinary images of poets in flowers and birds of that kind of pure and fresh, peaceful and carefree of artistic conception, such as pure girl next door, flat, not make public the but again have different flavor, the reader's heart when she was in fine point, also bring these to sketch the infinite vitality. The theme of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum commonly used in literati paintings is often broken branches, and few branches are selected to show the personality and personality of the painter. The school of maritime painting focuses on fruits and vegetables, fish, birds and animals in daily life, which are full of warmth and atmosphere of life. Compared with the mainstream painting, although the subject matter of these paintings is small, which is just a corner of life, it still represents an artistic height of their times, which brings endless comfort to the painters along with their daily life.
小品绘画的意境一般表现为美的范畴。画家经常选择他周围日常生活中的场景或事物，进行看似随意而精致的设计，给观众带来愉悦和谐的美感。“小题材”的概念不仅可以概括西方绘画，而且可以概括中国绘画。这个概念集中在两个层面上，一个是绘画的“主题”，另一个是思想和体积的“小”。主题相对宏大，小主题的选择对象往往是静物、器皿、花卉、小风景或小景观等日常事物或风景。北宋时，由于接受知识和理解的影响，花鸟画在意境上显得高贵细腻。所以我们看到的是宋代花鸟画的素描，所谓的折枝，千株秧苗不过是一朵花，全是名副其实的小品素描，随风起舞，要么是海棠，要么是荆芽，不过是睡莲，要么是一两只翩翩起舞的蝴蝶，不过是体育。《离别》和《可爱的小鸟》是从诗人在花鸟中的平凡形象中展现出来的，那种清新、祥和、无忧无虑的意境，如邻家的纯真女孩，平平，不张扬，但又有不同的味道，读者的心在她美好的时候。NT，也带来了这些，勾勒出无限的生命力。文人画中常用的梅、兰、竹、菊的主题往往是断枝，很少选择枝条来表现画家的个性和个性。海洋画派注重日常生活中的果蔬、鱼类、鸟类和动物，充满了温暖和生活氛围。与主流绘画相比，虽然这些绘画的主题很小，只是生活的一个角落，但它仍然代表着时代的艺术高度，给画家带来了无尽的舒适和日常生活。
In the west, still life painting is to choose the daily objects used in life for performance, which can be the POTS and pans used in the kitchen, or the vegetables and fruits eaten at ordinary times. In the artistic conception, it can achieve the aesthetic state of "quietness". From the still life of chardin, we can see the living conditions of ordinary people in the society at that time, especially with the texture of these objects and objects themselves. In Cezanne's still life paintings, he tries to capture the structure and entity behind things, looking for a sense of stable and solid order. Italian painter morandi's painting, materials are small bottle kind of still life subjects, the space is not large, its composition is simple, but very successful, his paintings in ordinary shape, deeply attracted a large audience, he in dealing with these bottles at the same time, to build a peaceful and harmonious and slightly mysterious artistic conception, implicit and gentle continuous constantly comfort the heart of the viewer, we can in the high gray tone of a settled in the daily life of quiet feeling, or even the state of the Oriental zen. His paintings with westerners unique way of thinking, aesthetic experience, this kind of aesthetic psychology, aesthetic standard and the traditional Chinese painting "artistic conception" cross compatibility has a similar place, materials, techniques, design the painting elements cannot divest western culture connotation, so it is the "artistic conception" build morandi's POTS with life, there is the soul, in its ordinary appearance also doomed sending out the breath.
在西方，静物画是选择日常生活中使用的物品进行表演，可以是厨房中使用的锅碗瓢盆，也可以是平时吃的蔬菜水果。在意境上，达到“静”的审美状态。从查丁的静物生活中，我们可以看到当时社会中普通人的生活状况，尤其是这些物体本身的纹理。在塞尚的静物画中，他试图捕捉事物背后的结构和实体，寻找一种稳定和稳固的秩序感。意大利画家莫兰迪的绘画，材料都是小瓶子类的静物题材，空间不大，其构图简单，但很成功，他的画在普通的形状上，深深地吸引了大批观众，他在处理这些瓶子的同时，营造了一种平和的氛围。圆润而和谐，略带神秘的意境，含蓄而温柔的持续不断地抚慰着观者的心灵，我们可以在高灰的色调中安顿在日常生活中的一种宁静的感觉，甚至是东方禅宗的状态。他的绘画与西方人独特的思维方式、审美体验、这种审美心理、审美标准和中国传统绘画“意境”的交叉兼容有着相似的地方、材料、技法、设计等绘画元素无法剥离的威力。燕鸥文化的内涵，所以它是用“意境”建造的，莫兰迪的壶具与生命，有灵魂，在其平凡的外表下也注定要散发出气息。
Although the realm has big and small, but the aesthetic value is the same. The "subject matter determinism" written in the history of art appreciates those works that reflect politics, history, society, religion, mythology and other major themes, ignores works with small themes, and considers it meaningless and valuable to show small themes. Moreover, this view has certain influence on the mainstream of painting to some extent. Even today, when we look at large contemporary art exhibitions, most of them are works with great length, active expression of social themes and rich subject matter. , so work can bring the audience visual shock, skills, and the inner demands coincides with the rise of great powers, but in shock, exclamation, can't help thinking from another Angle: the present many painters would walk for small, small space theme works, seems to think that it can't reflect their value, devotion to big space, only the pursuit of form of rich content, the pursuit of production techniques of large exhibition, one thousand party hundreds of so-called "tall", the art should be forthright and sincere, temperament is lost. Wang guowei said in the human ci words: "the realm is big or small, not to be good or bad. 'drizzle fish out, breeze swallow inclined' he qi not if 'fall sunshine banner, asasinghe wind rustling'. 'treasure curtain idle hanging small silver hook', he qi not if 'fog lost tower, on the maze crossing' also." In terms of artistic conception types, there are grand and lofty artistic conception and pleasant and beautiful artistic conception, but their aesthetic value is equally important. Aesthetic psychology needs both grand and masculine artistic conception and relaxed and comfortable artistic conception. Size is not the most basic element of a state. A big state is magnificent, and you interact with each other. The integration of situation is the most basic aesthetic feature of artistic conception. Although the realm of small subject painting lacks the grandeur of big subject, it can give people a variety of delicate feelings and touch of the soul in the plain, which is also another great realm. However, artistic conception is a concept with rich connotation, not a standard correct answer like objective questions. The stronger and more vivid the beauty of artistic conception is, the higher the artistic value and aesthetic value of paintings are.
Mr. Ye lang holds a similar view: "for a work of art, the image may be said to be 'the largest without the outside, the smallest without the inside'. To say that it is' great without exception 'means that we cannot add anything other than its inherent nature, otherwise it is not the art of' this one '. To say that it is' minimal 'means that the analysis of its structure and elements must be carried out in the organic relationship with it. "Artistic conception" covers the traditional Chinese aesthetic concept, which can measure the value of paintings from the limited to the infinite. Real masters don't struggle with what they paint. They can paint magic in very ordinary, ordinary little subjects. Just like the bottles and cans of morandi and the portraits of modigliani, although they are extremely ordinary little subjects, they make the dazzling legends in the history of art. Therefore, it is necessary for us to think further from another Angle: why can these small and ordinary pieces of work become classics and achievements of those art masters? In this paper, the charm elements in small subject painting are connected, and the modeling, artistic conception, techniques and other elements are discussed, that is to understand these charm elements from the perspective of painting practice. The artistic conception of small subject painting is relatively plain on the whole, but "plain" is exactly the highest realm that Chinese painters pursue, and it almost becomes the universal pursuit in song dynasty. Insipid refers to both the insipid picture and the insipid realm of life. Its connotation is the painter's longing for the self-adaptive and happy-go-lucky spiritual attitude, which is extremely gorgeous and insipid, providing endless comfort to life. This sense of repose is similar to Cezanne's still life painting. What Cezanne pursues is a sense of quiet order of things.
If the success of the creation of artistic conception of the picture can comfort the hearts of the viewers, then the success of the modeling intuitively meets people's visual aesthetic needs. Especially the small theme sketch painting, because their content is not complex, can not be like the long work through the rich plot content, complex and changeable composition form to attract, so it is necessary to work on the modeling, in order to win the battle, shock the audience's eyeballs. In Chinese and western paintings, there are many small theme paintings with unique shapes that win out. Small theme paintings show the creativity of art forms with their unique expression ways, and influence the creation of artistic conception from beginning to end.
Modeling, that is, the shaping of the image of things, Chinese and western painting modeling thinking is different, resulting in different modeling methods. Western painting is a modeling method with the spirit of geometry and mathematics as the core, and tries to construct the external objects in three dimensions. So art beginners are generally from the painting of vertical cone, cylinder, sphere such as the geometry of plaster began sketch training. Modeling ability becomes the academic standard to evaluate whether a painter is professional and has academic education. The lifelike shapes of western paintings often become the charm of a painting we appreciate. Photographic realism, which was popular in the middle and late 20th century, amazed the audience with its highly simulated modeling ability. Up to now, there are still some followers in the Chinese painting circle, which can not be denied the aesthetic charm of painting modeling. While many western painters try their best to use brushwork techniques to shape different painting subjects, the talented artist modigliani devotes himself to small subjects. His paintings have a single subject, and the subject most represented in his works is portrait, which has unique modeling characteristics: Will be a little exaggeration to stretch deformation characters, nose, neck, hand and other parts, in particular, the human body with streamlined posture show, painting figures revealed the sadness in the elegant, the character the eye treatment is often cancel the flat painting not so-called a vivid said the eyes, but it is the shape is unique, empty the eye, however, give a person a kind of into the world's feeling, modelling is unique and sublimation of the artistic conception of the extension of space, coupled with its characters overall modelling take potential, is often follow feel free between like and don't like, don't taste, make the person who was delicious. To nara, such as contemporary Japanese artists of his cartoon works mainly children and puppies, theme is very ordinary, the space is not big, also is not very exquisite, many are draw out in an envelope or a piece of paper, special in its modelling: he's a child has a big head, mostly outside canthus tilt hanging up, up to no good at all, it is this unique modelling, and slightly sweet innocence with a small evil feeling, interesting, many viewers watched nara's works will leave deep impression, once in a very long while can't forget. Nara mi-chi is consistent with the pursuit of artistic atmosphere in the expression, attitude and modeling dynamic structure of children. In fact, nara mi-chi's cartoon image can remind people of this feeling and memory, mainly due to the "innocent little evil" children modeling success.
In China, the ancient "looking at things and taking images" is also a modeling method. "a sage sets up an image to give full play to his meaning", as stated in xi ci zhuan, is a shaping process. In large painting subjects, macro extravaganza kind of work can be reflected in the modelling to the requirement of modelling unique, beautiful, and many other angles, because the measure is a rich content of novels success of many factors, such as through the organization of content, level of distribution, the arrangement of the composition, and the moulding of artistic conception or moral good wait for a variety of measures, in this case, perhaps as long as safe to show its solid modelling capability. In small subject sketch painting, lack of participation and cover the many other factors, modelling is very outstanding, the outstanding performance in: simply is not enough to be aesthetically pleasing, more time to highlight a uniqueness, must be different, that is characteristic and style, the modelling of a breakthrough, even upset the normal of the modelling of aesthetic concepts, it is especially important for small genre painting, because only with distinctive modelling can be brewed a distinctive visual image and the image effects, add a little content and subject matter of painting art taste. It is no exaggeration to say that unique and successful modeling is an important factor and a central link in the small subject sketch painting, and other factors are closely related to it.
Technique is the threshold for one to enter art and also one of the charm elements of painting. In the aesthetic appreciation of artistic works, we sometimes describe and appreciate artistic techniques as "exquisite skills", "subtle skills" and "qiaoluotiancheng". For example, the psychological pleasure of paoding cooks when he cooks cattle is beyond the spiritual pleasure of relying on both techniques and techniques. Expression technique is the external form of painting, and it is an important way and means to show the content and artistic conception of painting. Due to the differences in painting types and materials used, it presents diversified features. In the picture, factors such as color, brushwork, texture and other factors can be varied depending on the specific techniques used by the artist.
Talking about techniques from the macro perspective, we think we can look at it from two perspectives, one is the basic skills, that is, the use of superb performance techniques, this kind of emphasis is hard kung fu. For example, the song dynasty flower and bird skits, we as the classic appreciation, learning, all are not the model of skills, superb traditional gongbi performance skills, make within a few broken flowers bloom infinite vitality, thousands of years into the eternal classic. However, there are many sketches handed down by the song people, not every one of them can become a classic, and some of them are mediocre or even poorly painted, which will naturally be eliminated by the tide of history. There are many examples of this kind, including some foreign masters' classic works of small themes and small sizes, which have won over millions of audiences and become classics because of their exquisite skills.
The second perspective is innovative techniques, such as material innovation, innovative exploration of techniques, etc. This kind of relatively tolerant, mainly expect to have a novel picture effect, new techniques will look new, such as contemporary Chinese gongbi, and traditional gongbi face has been widely different, the role of skill innovation can not be ignored. Traditional traditional fine brush painting pays attention to three alum nine dye, along with the kind of color, while contemporary fine brush painting is eclectic, color westernization, form composition decoration, plus new materials and special texture effect, so that the appearance of contemporary fine brush painting with a novel brand of The Times. It can be said that people as the audience are always "tired of the new", and new techniques for painting innovation effect is the most significant, new techniques are often directly impact on people's visual experience, so at present we can see all kinds of painting in the field are constantly trying to innovate techniques.
